Capstone Situation Analysis - 2807 Words

Perceptual Map Situation Analysis The Situation Analysis will help your company understand current market conditions and how the industry will evolve over the next eight years. The analysis can be done as a group or you can assign parts to individuals and then report back to the rest of the company. An online version of the Situation Analysis is available in the Getting Started area. (customers want better performing products) and for size is -0.7 (customers want smaller products). At the end of Round 1 the center of the Traditional segment will have a performance of 5.7 and a size of 14.3. 5.0 + 0.7 = 5.7 and 15.0 - 0.7 = 14.3 Table 2 displays the segment center locations at the end of each round. Print the Perceptual Map Form in the†¦show more content†¦The ideal position is also called the ideal spot. If all other criteria are equal, a customer will prefer a product that is located nearer the ideal spot over a product that is located farther from it. Some segments place a higher level of importance on positioning than others. Use Tables 2 and 3 to determine each segment’s ideal spot for Rounds 1 through 8. Enter the results in Form 1. On the Perceptual Map Form, mark the Round 8 ideal spot for each segment. 2 Industry Demand Analysis The Industry Demand Analysis will help the Marketing and Production Departments understand future demand. Marketing can use the total demand for each segment as it createsforecasts. Production can use the results when making capacity buy and sell decisions. You will need the Segment Analysis reports (pages 5 - 9) of The Capstone Courier for Round 0 and the Industry Conditions Report. At the top of each Segment Analysis page you will ï ¬ nd a box called Statistics. On Form 2, copy the Total Industry Unit Demand number for each segment into the Demand cell for Round 0. Next, copy the Next Year’s Growth Rate, which is also in the Statistics box, into the Rate cell. Multiply the Round 0 demand by the growth rate and add the result to the Round 0 demand. This will give you a close approximation of Round 1 demand. Copy this number into the Demand cell for Round 1. High End Performance Rate Round 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Demand Rate Round 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Size DemandShow MoreRelatedReparation And Presentation1005 Words   |  5 Pagesan explanation of a clean and comprehensive target audience for retention; subsequently, it will explain the steps necessary, including addressing any challenges to securing permission, to secure a site that permits the information collection and analysis strategy to diagnose the opportunity for improvement in an educational setting. There will be a description of the process steps needed to organize information and produce the deliverable for retention. 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Discuss the current situation of your company by performing and analyzing a full SWOT analysis. a) Strengths: We did not have any overtime in all these eight years, we have inventory that we don’t need to produce, even though some CEOs might think it is a good idea to get rid of all your product and selling them at a lower price if possible, we think that we could save some extra productions’ cost for the following year. We also believe that knowing our segment and the market

How to Conjugate the Italian Verb Accorgersi

A Review On Business Promotion - 860 Words

Yelp! I. Introduction We (and the rest of the internet for the past decade) have already become familiar with online review sites which are so important for business promotion. Suppose you run a business, wouldn’t it be great if you could get every buyer that walks into your small business to give you a recommendation? Customer endorsements are a strong kind of marketing and give a great return on marketing investment. A recommendation is more effective and highly potential to bring in new customers than an ad in a coupon clipper or yellow papers. Yelp is a typical website, one of the best places on the Internet for consumers to find a quality review. II. Background on Technology Born in 2004, Yelp.com is known as one†¦show more content†¦Website achieves higher awareness and use (identification via parameters: unique visitors, traffic, user - interactions) may be transitioned to commercial exploitation. The form of the main business of this website is to exploit advertising from businesses; brand advertising; sale deal; user charges; or get a discount from businesses using the service. Then can proceed to expand the business model in a variety of ways, including two common ways it is the most common and issuing shares IPO and call for investment from individuals, organizations and financial funds. III. Pros of Technology on Business 1. Approach new customers in a good way An eMarketer Study in March 2011 found that the primary factor that influences US consumers to try a local business is a recommendation from a friend (52%) (Ruiz 2014). When faced with too many choices, people will rely on the â€Å"social proof† of what others think, and Yelp! is a perfect example of an online review site. If people read positive comments from many reviewers about a place on Yelp!, they will assume that the quality is good, and they may go to that place. 2. Lead to jump in revenues Online consumer review websites provide more information to consumers than was previously thought to be cost-effective. By relying on user-generated content, Yelp! is able to review more products than traditional media such as newspaper reviews. A study by Michael Luca, a professor at Harvard BusinessShow MoreRelatedEssay Tourism ]1122 Words   |  5 Pagesdefines tourism as the guiding or managing of tourists; the promotion or encouragement of touring: the accommodation of tourists. Both definitions are apt for tourism. The private sector of tourism includes lodging, food, transportation, recreation facilities, attractions, travel agents, and tour operators. These in turn are supported by a variety of specialized services, such as research promotion and printing. 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Prison Overcrowding Essay - 2453 Words

In 1994, the state of California followed the lead of Washington and signed a law that Californians know of as the three strikes law. With all the campaigning and publicity surrounding the law it was overwhelmingly welcomed into the legal system. The purpose of the law was to elongate the sentence of time spent in prison for repeat offenders, mainly focusing in violent or major crimes. As a result, the correction’s system has felt the effects of the law literally on prisons. Overcrowding prisons is a major problem in California and the state has a limited amount of time to correct the population reach in the California prisons. Prison population has been an issue for every California governor office to face since the first prison†¦show more content†¦However, California judges were looking at the bigger picture and would foresee the negative effects and the stipulation of the law binding up the court system. The judges had a very limited amount of authority on se ntencing anyone falling in the categories under the three strikes law. Convicted felons would spend a longer period of time in the prison. The state and voters created a problem California would have to deal with. Decades later a closely divided Supreme Court cited serious constitutional violations in Californias overcrowded prisons and ordered the state to abide by aggressive plans to fix the problem (Doyle, 2011). In a decision closely watched by other states, the court concluded by 5-4 that the prison overcrowding violated constitutional protections against cruel and unusual punishment. Pointedly, the court rejected Californias bid for more time and leeway. The violations have persisted for years, Justice Anthony Kennedy wrote for the majority. They remain uncorrected. 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The Role of Service Industry in the Economic Development Free Essays

string(66) " data of employment contribution for 9 years have been explained\." Research Journal of Finance and Accounting ISSN 2222-1697 (Paper) ISSN 2222-2847 (Online) Vol 3, No 5, 2012 www. iiste. org The Comparative Growth of Service Sectors in Bangladesh Mohammad Shahidul Islam1, Md. We will write a custom essay sample on The Role of Service Industry in the Economic Development or any similar topic only for you Order Now Musa2, Rajib Kanti Das3 1. Assistant Professor, School of Business, University of Information Technology and Sciences, 40/1 Jakir Hossain Road, Khulshi, Chittagong, Bangladesh Tel: 88-01190-955692 E-mail:shahidulislam28@yahoo. com 2. Lecturer, School of Business, University of Information Technology and Sciences, 40/1 Jakir Hossain Road, Khulshi , Chittagong, Bangladesh,Tel: 88-01819-619269 . E-mail: musa0999@gmail. com 3. Assistant Professor, Faculty of Business Administration, BGC Trust University Bangladesh * E-mail of the corresponding author: shahidulislam28@yahoo. com Abstract The Economy of Bangladesh is classified into three sectors. Of these, the average contribution of service sector, industry sector, agriculture sector to the GDP are 49. 33%, 28. 42% and 22. 42% respectively. So, the service sectors contribute most of the development of national economy. The research aims are to analyze the comparative contribution of service sector with other sectors, the impact of trade liberalization of service sector and to provide the recommendations for development of service sector. It is taken a sample of ten years data of GDP from 2000-01 to 2009-10 for analyzing the comparison of service sector with other sectors (industry and agriculture). The average growth rates between service sectors and industry sectors or agriculture sector or total GDP are analyzed with‘t’ test. The average growth rate of service sector, inudsty sector, and agriculture sector are 6. 17%, 7. 49%, 3. 21% respectively. The growth of service sector is more than the agriculture sector but less than the industry sector (result of‘t’ test). The paper also reveals that total trade deficit of service is increasing over the year. The average employment of Agriculture, Industry, Service to total employment are 58. 89%, 12. 39% and 25. 36% respectively. The paper emphasizes for the development of Tourism sector, Software, Transportation and Financial srvice, Education with quality, etc. Keywords: GDP, Service, Agriculture, Industry 1. Introduction The Economy of Bangladesh is growing one. It is basically divided into three basic sectors viz. Service, Agriculture and Industry. Among the Economic Sectors in Bangladesh, Service sector is most important. The contribution of service sector to the GDP is about 50% (Bangladesh Economic Review-2010). So, Service sectors influence the development of national economy. There is a latent demand for services in Bangladesh. To specify the need of services for huge population of Bangladesh, such sectors are to be opened for private entrepreneurs with required control. The enormous contribution of service sector and an increasing trend therein have played an important role in high growth of GDP. The analysis of last few years’ data gives a clear idea on the phenomenon. The contribution of the industry sector to the economy of Bangladesh has been increasing day by day. For the purpose of national income accounting, Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics (BBS) divides the economy into fifteen sectors (Bangladesh Economic Review-2010, Ministry of Finance). 2. Problem statement From the growth of overall size of Economy, it is difficult to identify the significance of specific sector. Proper nurturing of significantly contributory sector, the growth of Economy may be resisted. Previously there was no difference between Services and Products. Service concept is the modern issue in the world. The most of the business is related to services. Even the product itself provides the service to the customers. So the services are the vital issue now. The economic sectors classified by Bangladesh Government are Hotel and Restaurant, Retail trade and Wholesale trade, Transportation and Communication, Real state and Renting, Financial Institution, Public Administration and Defense, Education, Health and Social Services, Community and Personal Services are included under Service Sectors. So they occupy a major share of total economics sectors. As a result, importance of service is significant. For Economic development we always think regarding industry and agriculture sectors rather service sectors. But major sector in the economy is service sector. In the modern world, service is required in every phase of life. People expect better service. Our public sectors 178 Research Journal of Finance and Accounting ISSN 2222-1697 (Paper) ISSN 2222-2847 (Online) Vol 3, No 5, 2012 www. iiste. org including public enterprises are largest sectors in the economy. But these sectors are losing concern. The public sector is unable to provide competitive service. So, people go to private sectors such as financial institutions, transportation, hospitals, educational institutions, and communication media for better service. But the growth rate of service sectors is either below expected level or not as per its importance in the economy. From this research the problems of service sectors are identified. For increasing the living standard of the people the service concept has come to lime light. Service marketing and service management will get the importance to develop the service sectors in Bangladesh. The research aims are to analyze the comparative contribution of service sector with other sectors, the impact of trade liberalization of service sector and to provide the recommendations for development of service sector. 3. Objectives of the Study Some specific objectives are set for this research. The principal objective of this study is to evaluate the comparative position of service sector. To accomplish this basic objective, following specific objectives are set: i. To conduct the comparative analysis of service sector with Agriculture and Industry sectors. ii.. To analyze the impact of Liberalization on Service sectors iii. To provide the recommendations for development of Service sector. 4. Methodology This research has used mostly secondary data have been used for analysis. Data have been collected from Bangladesh Economic Survey, Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics, Bangladesh Bank, World Bank, and Internet web sites, Books, Newspapers, Magazines and Journals. We have used required data for ten years from 2000-01 to 2009-10 for analyzing the contribution of economic sectors, growth rate of each sectors viz. service, industry and agriculture. Data of service export and import from 2004-05 to 2009-10 (five years) and the data of employment contribution for 9 years have been explained. You read "The Role of Service Industry in the Economic Development" in category "Essay examples" 4. 1 Analysis of data: The data have been analyzed using graph, chart and some other simple statistical tools. The growth rate of service sectors (trend) is shown by graphical presentation. The total contribution of service sectors and sector wise share of major sectors are shown graphically. The average growth rates between service sectors and industry sectors or agriculture sector or total GDP have been compared by student’s‘t’ test. 4. 2 Hypothesis test 4. 2. H 0 :  µ1 =  µ 2 (There is no significant difference between the growth rate of service sectors and industry sectors. ) 4. 2. 2 H 0 :  µ1 =  µ 2 (There is no significant difference between the growth rate of service sectors and agriculture sectors) 4. 2. 3. H 0 :  µ1 =  µ 2 (There is no significant difference between the growth rate of service sectors and the growth rate of total GDP) 5. Analysis and Results 5. 1. The Contribution of Service Sector Off all the sectors, service sector is prominent one. Service sector has the growing potential to be driver of sustainable economic growth and significant poverty alleviation in Bangladesh. Service sector in Bangladesh is the largest sector. From the table 2(a), it is observed that the contribution of the service sector is average 49. 33%. It is steady over the period. The contribution of service sectors are 48. 77% in 2000-01 and 49. 90% in 2009-10. Figure-1 demonstrates contribution of different sectors in GDP. The groth rate of srvice sector is steady. The average growth is 6. 17%. The growth rates are 5. 43% ,6. 40%, and 6. 59% in 2001-02, 2005-06, 2009-10 respectively. 5. 2. Growth of Sub-sectors of Service Sector Growth rate of service sector is consistnent and contineous. From the Table 1(b), it is shown that the four sub sectors –(i) Trade (ii) Transport, storage and communication (iii) Realstate renting and other Business activities (iv) Community, social and personal services contribute more in GDP which are 14. 06%, 10. 07%, 7. 98%, 7. 39% 179 Research Journal of Finance and Accounting ISSN 2222-1697 (Paper) ISSN 2222-2847 (Online) Vol 3, No 5, 2012 www. iiste. org respectively. But The growth rate is more for the Education, Banking, Public administration, Transportation which are 8. 42%,8. 13%, 7. 88% ,7. 48% respectively. 5. 3. Comparative Analysis of Service Sector with Agriculture and Industry Sector From the comparative presentation of the sectors, it is found that service sector is sustaiable in terms of growth and contribution to toal GDP. From the Table 2(a), 2(b) and figure -2, it is shown that the average contribution of service sector, industry and agriculute sectors are 49. 33%, 28. 42%, 22. 25% respectively. So, the service sector is the half of total sector of economy. The growth rate of service sector, inudsty sector,and agriculture secture are 6. 17%, 7. 49%, 3. 21% respectively. Here, from the figure-2, it is seen that the contribution of service sector is steady. The contribution of industry sector is increasing with the reducing trend of agriculture sector. Here, aparently it is seen that the average growth rate of service sector is more the agriculture sectors and the total GDP growth and the average gorwth rate of industry sector is slightly more than the service sector. Now we shall statistically test whether the average growth rate of service sector is more than the agriculture sectors and total GDP growth and whther there is significant difference of growth rate between service sectors and industry sector. . Hypothesis test Since in the given data variances of population are unknown and the sample size is small we have used t-test from the table -6. The result of hypothesis test is in table 3. 6. 1. H 0 :  µ1 =  µ 2 (There is no significant difference between the growth rate of service sectors and industry sectors. ) Table 3: Paired Samples Test D etails 95% Paired Std. Std. Confidence Differences Deviation Error Interval of the Mean Mean Difference Lower Upper 1. 1152 . 3717 -2. 1783 -. 4639 t df Sig. (2tailed) Pair 1 Growth rate of Service sector – Growth rate of Industry sector -1. 211 Growth rate of Service sector – Growth rate of Agriculture sector Growth rate of Service sector – Growth rate of Total GDP sector 8 3. 554 .007 Pair 2 2. 7722 1. 2957 . 4319 1. 7763 3. 76826. 419 8 . 4806 . 1602 7. 3847E- . 6650 1. 845 8 02 .000 Pair 3 .2956 .102 Source: Compiled by authors through SPSS The table value is -2. 306 So, the calculated value (-3. 554) is outside the critical region. So, the alternative hypothesis is accepted. There is significant difference between the growth rate of service sector and industry sector. The growth rate of industry is more than that of service sector. 6. 2. H 0 :  µ1 =  µ 2 (There is no significant difference between the growth rate of service sectors and agriculture sectors) The table value is 2. 306. The calculated value(6. 1. 77) is outside the critical region. So, the growth of service sector is more than the growth of agriculture sector. 6. 3. H 0 :  µ1 =  µ 2 (There is no significant difference between the growth rate of service sectors and total GDP) The table value is 2. 3306. The calculated value (t=1. 84) is inside the critical region. So, the null hypothesis is accepted. Though the average growth rate of service sector is more than the growth rate of total GDP, but there is no difference with t test. 180 Research Journal of Finance and Accounting ISSN 2222-1697 (Paper) ISSN 2222-2847 (Online) Vol 3, No 5, 2012 7. Trade of service and Trade liberization www. iiste. org Trade liberlization has opened a new horizon for service exports. Service export is the amount which is paid by the foreign national for using the service of Bangladesh. Service import is the amount which is paid by the Bangladeshi national for using the service of other countries. GATS was formed to eliminate the trade barriers. Here we shall see the impact of trade liberization on the service sectors of Bangladesh. From the table 4, the figure-3 is drawn. It is found from the figure -3 that the import of service average Tk. 199368 million is more than the export of service average Tk. 112214. 5 million. The total trade deficit is increasing over the year. The average rate of growth of service export is more than service import which are 16. 16% and 15. 89% respectively. This is a good symptom for Bangladesh. 8. Employment opportunity in Service sector Service sector has created a great scope for employment. Bangladesh is a labor intensive country. Population is an important resource of Bangladesh. From the table 5 (data is taken from world Bank data bank) the figure-4 is drawn and it is shown that average employment of Agriculture, Industry, Service to toal employment are 58. 89%, 12. 39 5and 25. 36% respectively. But employment of service sector is increasing. The employment of industry sector is increasing but agriculure sector is decreasing. 9. Recommendations for Service Sectors After analysis, it can be said that the contribution of service sector is about 49. 22% and the growth rate of service sector is 6. 75%. The contribution is about half of the total economic sectors and the growth rate is more than the average growth of GDP. Emphasis is given on the service sector for development. Since the industry sector is growing rapidly (7. 49%), support can be given by providing the quality and smooth service. The employment in service sector is increasing day by day. So, there is lot o f opportunity for employment in this sector. Though there is negative Trade Balance of service of Bangladesh, the growth rate of srvice export is more than that of import. It is a good symptom for us. So we have to emphasize the service export such as Tourism, Software, Transportation and Financial srvice etc. The prospects of some promising service sectors are pointed out below. 9. 1. Development of Tourism Tourism is one of the most promising sectors for Bangladesh with her huge natural beauty, heroic historical background and archaeological resources (Das Chakroborty 2012). Bangladesh is a country of natural beauty. She has lot of tourism places. These places are of different interest like beaches, historical places, archaeological sites, religious palaces, forest and jungle etc. . 2. Development of Software and IT With the passage of time, the globe is being changed from analogue to automation. During last few years Bangladesh showed enormous success in Software and IT Sector which can enlarge the extent of her service market (BASIS 2010). The current size of Bangladesh IT Industry and software/ITES industry is still smaller compared to the overall economy and the number of p opulation (over 150 million). Over the last few years the industry has been grown considerably and is expected to grow at that rate for some time. 9. 3. Information Communication Technology (ICT) With the hope of great development, the govrnment of people republic of Bangladesh introduced National Information and Communication Technology (ICT) Policy in October 2002. This policy document guides the development of a country-wide ICT-infrastructure for human resources development, governance, e-commerce, banking, public utility services and all sorts of on-line ICT-enabled services by 2006. 9. 4. Improvement in Transportation Transportation is an important sub-sector of total service sector. It includes different type of transport for example road transport, waterways, railways, and airlines. Of these, road transport is mostly used means of transport. Road transport in Bangladesh is a private sector affair operating predominantly in domestic routes. 181 Research Journal of Finance and Accounting ISSN 2222-1697 (Paper) ISSN 2222-2847 (Online) Vol 3, No 5, 2012 www. iiste. org Rates are among the cheapest in the world. Express and non stop services are available. Total Highways is 204,022 km of which paved is 25,095 km and unpaved is 178,927 km (1996 est. ) (bangla2000. com). 9. 5. Quality Financial Services Financial service is another important part of total service sector in Bangladesh. It is a promising sub sector which consists of the Bangladesh Bank (the central bank), four nationalized commercial banks (NCBs), 5 stateowned specialized banks (SBs), more than 30 private sector commercial banks (PCBs) and more than 9 foreign commercial banks (PCBs). The rest of the financial sector consists of more than 29 non-bank financial institutions, the capital market, 3 general and 17 life insurance companies, the cooperative banks and the microfinance institutions. 9. 6. Development of Education sector For increasing of people and literacy rate, the demand of higher education is increasing. The technical institution, Business education, health education create the demand to the people. The development of government and private universities is the indicator of growing demand of education sector. 10. Concluding Remarks The contribution of service sector is about 50 percent of the total GDP. So, the growth rate of GDP depends on the service sectors. The service sector provides the support for the development Industry sector and agriculture sector. For the international trade (export and import), the smooth transportations, financial and insurance service is required. For the improvement of the GDP sector, it has to give special emphasize on service sectors. There is lot of scope of development of service sector. Bangladesh is providing transit and transshipment to India, Nepal and Bhutan that will increase return from the transportation and communication sector. The manufacturing sector is growing rapidly. So, the need of financial service and education is increasing in future. Tourism, hotel service is promising in Bangladesh. The trade liberalization on service will cause the opportunity for service export. So, we have to take the initiatives for development of service sectors. This paper has analyzed the comparative contribution of service sector, the growth of service sector, service export and the employment in service sectors. There is scope for further research about the ways of development of service sectors. References: Bangladesh Parjatan Corporation n. d. SUNDARBAN Royal Bengal Tiger and Mangrove Forest accessed 2 May 2011, www. parjatan. gov. bd/forest. php Bangladesh Association of Software and Information Services 2010, BASIS Resource Center, Bangladesh, accessed 2 May, 2011, http://www. basis. org. bd/index. php/resource Bhuyan A. R. , Hossain M. I. and Hossai M. A. , 20007, Study on the Services Sector of Bangladesh, The Bangladesh Trade Support Programme (BTSP) Brahs, Stuart J. 2002. Priorities for WTO Financial Services Negotiations Fund Management and Pensions, Principal Financial Group, Washington DC. Bangladesh Bareu of Statistics, BBS (Labour Force Survey) 2006, Dhaka Comjagat. com 2010, Status and Prospects http://www. comjagat. com/home/articles/morearticles/5515 of ICT in Bangladesh, Bangladesh, Choudhury T. A. , Raihan A. , Habib S. and S. Chowdhury. 2000. â€Å"Effects of WTO on Financial System of Bangladesh†: A Research Report, BIBM, 2000. Das, RK Chakroborty J 2012, An Evaluative Study on Tourism in Bangladesh, Research Journal of Finance and Accounting Vol 3, No 1, accessed June 20 2012 http://www. iiste. org/Journals/index. php/RJFA/article/view/1305/1225 Dobson, Wendy. 2002. Financial Services Liberalization in the WTO, International Economics Policy Briefs, No. PB02-8. International Institute of Economics,Toronto. 182 Research Journal of Finance and Accounting ISSN 2222-1697 (Paper) ISSN 2222-2847 (Online) Vol 3, No 5, 2012 Kothari, C. R. , Research Methodology, 2nd ed. , Newdelhi, New Age International Pvt. Ltd. , 2005. www. iiste. org 0. Lovelock, Cheristopher, Service Marketing, 4th ed. , Simgspore, Sddison Wesley Longnian Pvt. Lyd. , 2001. Mattoo, Aaditya. 2002. Financial Services and the World Trade Organization:Liberalization Commitments and the World Trade Organization, World Bank, 1818 H Street NW, Washington, DC. Ministry of Finance(2010), Bangladesh Economic Servey 2010, Ministry of Finance, Dhaka. Masc arenhas, Romeos, Service Sector Management, 1st ed. , Mumbai, VipuPrakashan, 2002. 3. 5. Tour to bangladesh. com (Tour Operator of Bangladesh) 2010, Tourism Vision 2020, Bangladesh, accessed 2 May 2011, http://www. tourtobangladesh. om/Bangladesh-Tourism-Vision-2020. php Transportation, accessed 2 May, 2011 Appendices Table 1(a): Contribution of total service sector in GDP 2000-2001 2001-2002 2002-2003 2003-2004 2004-2005 2005-2006 2006-2007 2007-2008 2008-2009 2009-2010 49816 2519 37464 6608 25033 10505 9624 8373 23832 173774 6. 60 7. 31 7. 48 8. 13 3. 67 7. 88 8. 42 7. 02 4. 14 6. 17 Trade (Retail Whole sales Hotel Restaurants Transport, Storage Communication Banking Insurance Real Estate, Renting other Business Activities Public Administration and Defense Education Health and Social Work Community, Social and Services Total Service Personal 8021 1335 19579 3270 18096 5322 4651 4548 16538 101360 29868 1427 20863 3489 18715 5637 5004 4789 17073 106865 31687 1527 22292 3722 193 74 5932 5384 5059 17640 112617 33770 1635 23676 3983 20068 6351 5798 5371 18340 118992 36155 1751 25552 4338 20801 6860 6256 5768 19082 126563 38596 1881 27592 4707 21569 7420 6822 6217 19863 134667 41700 2023 29809 5139 22381 8044 7433 6693 20733 143955 44543 2176 32357 5596 23221 8543 8013 7163 21731 153343 47309 2341 34949 6099 24106 9142 8658 7678 22753 163035 Source: Bangladesh Economic Review, 2010 Table 1(b): Contributions and growth of sub sectors Service sub-sector Trade (Retail Whole sales Hotel Restaurants Transport, Storage Communication Banking Insurance Real Estate, Renting other Business Activities Public Administration and Defense Education Health and Social Work Community, Social and Personal Services Total Std. of Service sub-sector 7526. 08 398. 47 6109. 71 1140. 47 2336. 93 1678. 77 1647. 75 1289. 33 2471. 01 24576. 02 Std. of Service sub-sector growth 0. 75 0. 29 0. 80 1. 04 0. 14 2. 85 1. 17 1. 17 0. 58 0. 54 Avg. Contribution % 14. 06% 0. 68% 10. 07% 1. 72% 7. 98% 2. 71% 2. 48% 2. 27% 7. 37% 49. 33% Avg. f subsector total 38146. 50 1861. 50 27413. 30 4695. 10 21336. 40 7375. 60 6764. 30 6165. 90 19758. 50 133517. 10 Avg. of subsector growth Source: Bangladesh Economic Review, 2010 183 Research Journal of Finance and Accounting ISSN 2222-1697 (Paper) ISSN 2222-2847 (Online) Vol 3, No 5, 2012 Table 2(a): Sector wise contribution in GDP (in percentage) 2000-2001 2001-2002 2002-2003 2003-2004 2004-2005 2005-200 6 2006-2007 2007-2008 2008-2009 2009-2010 www. iiste. org Contribution of Agricultures Contribution Industry Contribution of service Total 25. 03 26. 20 48. 77 100 23. 98 26. 75 49. 27 100 3. 47 27. 24 49. 30 100 23. 08 27. 69 49. 22 100 22. 27 28. 31 49. 42 100 21. 84 29. 03 49. 14 100 21. 38 29. 45 49. 17 100 20. 83 29. 70 49. 47 100 20. 48 29. 86 49. 66 100 20. 16 29. 95 49. 90 100 1. 6 1. 38 0. 31 0. 00 22. 25 28. 42 49. 33 100 Source: Bangladesh Economic Review, 2010 Table 2(b): Sector-wise growth of GDP (in percentage) 2001-2002 2002-2003 2003-2004 2004-2005 2005-2006 2006-2007 2007-2008 2008-2009 2009-2010 Average 3. 21 7. 49 6. 17 5. 88 112214. 5 16. 16% 51510. 798 199368 15. 89% 24606. 842 (87153. 5) 16. 69% Average Agriculture Industry Service 0. 01 6. 53 5. 43 3. 8 7. 26 5. 38 4. 09 7. 60 5. 66 2. 21 8. 28 6. 36 4. 94 9. 74 6. 40 6. 63 4. 56 8. 38 6. 90 6. 43 3. 21 6. 78 6. 52 6. 19 4. 12 6. 46 6. 32 5. 74 4. 39 6. 42 6. 59 6. 00 1. 53 1. 13 0. 54 0. 68 Total GDP 4. 42 5. 26 6. 27 5. 96 Source: Bangladesh Economic Review, 2010 Table 2(c): Growth of service and other sector (Chain base) 2001-2002 2002-2003 2003-2004 2004-2005 2005-2006 2006-2007 2007-2008 2008-2009 2009-2010 Average 7. 02 5. 61 5. 88 SDEV 28849. 471 Service 5. 30 5. 64 6. 17 7. 39 7. 78 7. 66 Other 3. 52 5. 14 6. 82 5. 59 6. 83 6. 01 Sectors Total GDP 4. 42 5. 26 6. 27 5. 96 6. 63 6. 3 growth Source: Bangladesh Economic Review-2010 Table 4: Service Receipts and Payments (in million Taka) 2004-2005 2005-2006 2006-2007 7. 02 5. 89 6. 19 7. 19 5. 21 5. 74 9. 05 5. 46 6. 00 1. 17 1. 00 0. 68 2007-2008 2008-2009 Service Receipts 75067 89780 102352 129103 Growth of Service 19. 60% 14. 00% 26. 14% Receipts Service Payments 124871 156279 189649 231667 Growth of Service 25. 15% 21. 35% 22. 16% Payment Services(net) (49804) (66499) (87297) (102564) Growth of Service 33. 52% 31. 28% 17. 49% (net) Source: Bangladesh Balance of Payment-2010, Bangladesh Bank 122451 -5. 15% 236634 2. 4% (114183) 11 . 33% 154534 26. 20% 257108 8. 65% (102574) -10. 17% 184 2009-2010 STDEV STDEV Average STDEV Research Journal of Finance and Accounting ISSN 2222-1697 (Paper) ISSN 2222-2847 (Online) Vol 3, No 5, 2012 Table 5: Employment contributions Year 1984 1985 Employment in agriculture (% of total employment) 58. 8 57. 7 Employment in industry (% of total employment) 11 11. 5 Employment in services (% of total employment) 24. 2 26 Source: World development index, World Bank Table 6: Growth of economic sectors 2001-2002 2002-2003 2003-2004 2004-2005 2005-2006 2006-2007 2007-2008 2008-2009 2009-2010 ww. iiste. org 1986 57. 1 12. 5 26. 5 1989 64. 9 15. 4 14. 8 1991 66. 4 13 16. 2 1996 63. 2 9. 6 25 2000 62. 1 10. 3 23. 5 2003 51. 7 13. 7 34. 6 2005 48. 1 14. 5 37. 4 SD 6. 06 1. 95 7. 35 Avg. 58. 89 12. 39 25. 36 Agriculture 0. 01 3. 08 4. 09 2. 21 4. 94 4. 56 Industry 6. 53 7. 26 7. 60 8. 28 9. 74 8. 38 Service 5. 43 5. 38 5. 66 6. 36 6. 40 6. 90 Total GDP 4. 42 5. 26 6. 27 5. 96 6. 63 6. 43 Sour ce: Bangladesh Economic Review-2010, Ministry of Finance 3. 21 6. 78 6. 52 6. 19 4. 12 6. 46 6. 32 5. 74 4. 39 6. 42 6. 59 6. 00 1. 53 1. 13 0. 54 0. 68 . 21 7. 49 6. 17 5. 88 Figure 1: Contrubution of Service, Industry and Agriculutre Figure 2: Comparative Sector-wise Growth Rate 185 Average STDEV Sectors Research Journal of Finance and Accounting ISSN 2222-1697 (Paper) ISSN 2222-2847 (Online) Vol 3, No 5, 2012 www. iiste. org Figure 3: Service Export and Import Figure 4: Employment of Service Sectors. 186 This academic article was published by The International Institute for Science, Technology and Education (IISTE). The IISTE is a pioneer in the Open Access Publishing service based in the U. S. nd Europe. The aim of the institute is Accelerating Global Knowledge Sharing. More information about the publisher can be found in the IISTE’s homepage: http://www. iiste. org The IISTE is currently hosting more than 30 peer-reviewed academic journals and collaborating with academic institutions around the world. Prospective authors of IISTE journals can find the submission instruction on the following page: http://www. iiste. org/Journals/ The IISTE editorial team promises to the review and publish all the qualified submissions in a fast manner. All the journals articles are available online to the readers all over the world without financial, legal, or technical barriers other than those inseparable from gaining access to the internet itself. Printed version of the journals is also available upon request of readers and authors. IISTE Knowledge Sharing Partners EBSCO, Index Copernicus, Ulrich’s Periodicals Directory, JournalTOCS, PKP Open Archives Harvester, Bielefeld Academic Search Engine, Elektronische Zeitschriftenbibliothek EZB, Open J-Gate, OCLC WorldCat, Universe Digtial Library , NewJour, Google Scholar How to cite The Role of Service Industry in the Economic Development, Essay examples

Role Of Managers free essay sample

A manager of an organization has many roles within an organization. A manger can be seen as a leader who can identify change and recognize the many different ways to approach it. Some of the roles that a manager can play in the midst of changes are the director, navigator, caretaker, coach, interpreter, and nurturer (Palmer, Dunford, Akin, Chapter 6, 2006). Each role has their individual perspective on the managing change. Similarly, each role has their individual perspective on the definition of resistance. The following is a brief explanation of the characteristics of the individual roles. The director can be seen as the person who drives the change. The director is the person most likely to be responsible for providing a clear vision for the change while placing it in line with the organization’s goals and mission. The navigator is the person who provides the path for the change. Through different employee perspectives, the navigator provides a way through the different perspectives for all to follow. We will write a custom essay sample on Role Of Managers or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The caretaker is seen as the charismatic leader for change. As the most charismatic leader, this person will also have the most influence on people. The role of the coach is similar to the coach of sports teams. This person is responsible for creating techniques to bring about change and is also responsible for the training and development of the employees. The coach must be able to facilitate and interact with others in a way that will drive performance. The role of interpreter is that of a mediator who uses oral and visual communication to provide a communicable approach to the employees. The interpreter must be able to articulate the changes and the needs of the organization. The nurturer can be seen as the visionary change leader (Palmer, Dunford, Akin, Chapter 6, 2006). This role arises during the troubled times that may come with change. When times seem to be chaotic and unorganized, the nurturer’s role is to provide the peace for both the impacted employees and the change itself. Change agents can be both people and events. Events can change the way organizations function due to reasons both planned and unplanned. These change agents are internal and external forces. Internally, there are organizational politics, changes to past practices or routines, changes to personnel, and changes to information systems (Palmer, Dunford, Akin, Chapter 6, 2006). Externally, there are factors such as the industry, the economy, legislation and politics, and competing organizations (Palmer, Dunford, Akin, Chapter 6, 2006). Regardless of whether these change agents were planned or unplanned, it is up to the change managers to combat the resistance to change. There are many ways a manager can combat resistance to change. One of the most important is communication. Involving others in the change process empowers them and gives people involved a sense of belonging. As a manager of change, the manager must ensure that the change is aligned with the mission and vision of the organization. The manager must also be able to facilitate the shift of change from beginning to implementation. Even after implementation, a manager of change must be able to monitor the process and people in order to better control the process and bring about efficiency and quality. The change agent must also be able to adapt to unforeseen challenges and plan for resistance, new developments, and new processes. A careful examination of the different roles of the manager and the types of change agents can provide one with a better idea of how to combat resistance. While not all events are planned, a change manager can plan ahead for potential developments. Change is an ongoing cycle. Being able to adapt to change is important for an organizations survival. When change happens, employees will look for guidance, leadership, and someone to influence the change process. This is the role of the change manager.

Emotion vs Motivation free essay sample

There are many ways in which emotions can change our state of motivation at any given moment. There are many theories and models that help explain why people are motivated to do the things they do, whether it is at work, school, or just at home with children. However, in some way, they are applicable, and make it easier to understand why humans do what they do. There are two different models being examined today, and the achievement motive as well as the arousal theory will be applied. The first theory being examined will be the arousal theory. The arousal theory suggests that each of us has an optimum level of arousal that varies over the course of the day and from one situation to another. According to this view, behavior is motivated by the desire to maintain the optimum level of arousal for a given moment.† (Morris and Maisto, pg. We will write a custom essay sample on Emotion vs Motivation or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page 260) The first situation presented is as followed; â€Å"Stacie finds that, although she used to like her current position within the company, she now finds it less rewarding. She has been in the same position for a few years, and in the past, enjoyed working on the team she was assigned. Recently, she had the opportunity to work on a special project, but this work was temporary. She found the brainstorming, planning, and development related to the project invigorating and engaging. Once the project was completed, she returned to her prior position. She no longer finds her current position as satisfying as she used to prior to working on the special project. She is considering changing positions within the company, if possible, or seeking out a job in another organization.† Stacie found the work that she was previously performing sufficient enough to meet her arousal needs until she was faced with more challenging work. Because she found the new project invigorating and engaging, her arousal was increased, but not so much to make it where she could not perform the tasks at hand. She was more motivated by the new work because her arousal was heightened and the prior position created a lessened amount of arousal,  therefore making the previous work harder to perform. This confirms the Dodson law, because she was no longer able to optimally perform the simple tasks of her previous work because her level of arousal was not heightened enough. (Morris and Mais to, pg. 260) She was not feeling challenged enough to engage in the work that she was previously being asked to perform. The next model to be examined will be the achievement motive. The achievement motive is the need to excel and overcome obstacles. (Morris and Maisto, pg. 277) The second situation being presented is as follows; Shannon comes to work every day on time. She does her job as assigned, works very hard, takes on challenging tasks to improve performance, and ensures that this is noticed by others. She is very clear about the expectations for her position as well as the criteria for evaluation. During annual evaluations, she hopes her evaluation scores are high enough for her to be eligible for a merit raise. One of her primary goals for this year is to be nominated for the employee of the year award at the companys annual dinner, which comes with both a preferred parking space and a cash bonus. There are three aspects of achievement-oriented behavior and they include work orientation (the desire to do a good job), mastery (improving past performance) and competitiveness (comparing one’s skills with peers’.) Shannon made sure to take on challenging tasks and improve her performance, thus fulfilling the aspect of mastery. She does her assigned work and works very hard, as well as staying clear on expectations, fulfilling the aspect of work orientation. And lastly, she makes sure that her work is noticed and hopes to win employee of the year, fulfilling the aspect of competitiveness, because she hopes to excel beyond the work of her peers. Although her achievement motive is extremely strong, she may also be affected by the extrinsic motivators of a preferred parking space and cash bonus as well. This may also play a strong role in her motivation. Emotions can also easily influence the amount of motivation a person has towards a given task. We will focus on Ekman’s 6 primary, universal emotions. Because emotions are not based on specific needs and desires, but more how a person is feeling, it is more difficult to predict emotion based on behavior. However, in Stacie’s case, and her lack of arousal, anger may  play a role in how well she performs the easier work she was presented before the new project. If she becomes angry or sad because she is tired of the work she is doing, and cannot get a more challenging job, it would make it more difficult to perform the task at hand because she is focusing on her emotions and not on her work, although it is easy work. This can be comparable to Shannon as well. If she does not get awarded employee of the year, she may become angry or disgusted with herself, therefore making it so she does not work as hard the next time around. Anger may play a role in making the tasks at hand harder to perform. However, if Stacie does get a new position that meets her arousal needs, she will most likely feel the emotion of happiness, which in turn will allow her to work in her environment better because she feels better about what she is doing. Shannon would feel the same way. If she was to win employee of the year, she would be elated, and take on her position with happiness and pride. Thus, her achievement motive would be boosted even more, and the emotion of happiness would help motivate her to do the work presented. Organizations could take into account the achievement motive, and make sure that there is some level of recognition with employees so that they feel the work they are performing is not going unnoticed. It will allow them to do better than peers, ultimately improving work place behaviors across the board. If the arousal theory was taken into account, organizations could work on recognizing employee’s needs so that they do not become bored with the work they are performing. If they are no longer interested in the work being done, chances are that the quality of work being done will be better than if employees are not intrigued with what they are working on.

What is an Essay free essay sample

A discursive essay is a piece of formal writing which discusses a particular issue, situation or problem. There are three main types of discursive essays. For and against essays present both sides of an issue, discussing points in favour of a particular topic as well as those against, or the advantages and disadvantages of a particular question. Each point should be supported by justifications, examples, and/or reasons. The writers own opinion should be presented only in the final paragraph ii Opinion essays present the writers personal opinion concerning the topic, clearly stated and supported by reasons and/or examples. The opposing viewpoint and reason should be included in a separate paragraph before the dosing one, together with an argument that shows it is an unconvincing viewpoint. The writers opinion should be included in the introduction, and summarized/restated in the conclusion. iii Essays suggesting solutions to problems, in which the problem(s) associated with a particular issue or situation are analysed and possible solutions are put for-ward, together with any expected results/consequences. We will write a custom essay sample on What is an Essay? or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The writers opinion may be mentioned, directly or indirectly, in the introduction and/or conclusion. A good discursive essay should consist of: a) an introductory paragraph in which you clearly state the topic to be discussed; b) a main body, in which points are clearly stated in separate paragraphs and exemplified or justified: and c) a closing paragraph summarising the main points of the essay, in which you stale/restate your opinion, and/or give a balanced consideration of the topic. Points to consider †¢ Present each point in a separate paragraph. A welldeveloped paragraph contains a clear topic sentence, which summaries the contents of the paragraph, as well as a clear justification, explanation or example in support of the point presented. †¢ Well-known quotations (e. g. As writer Somerset Maugham once said, It is bad enough to know the past; it would be intolerable to know the future. ). rhetorical questions (e. g. It people today are not concerned enough about tomorrow, will the future still be there for man? ) or thought-provoking statements (e. g. The fact is mat ones future is what one makes it. There Is no such thing as chance. are useful devices to make your composition more interesting. †¢ Before you begin writing, you should always make a list of the points you will present. †¢ Do not use informal style (e. g. contracted forms, colloquial language, etc) or very strong language (e. g. I know. I am sure†¦) Use appropriate linking words/phrases to show the links between paragraph, as well as to link sentences within paragraphs. Topic sentence Many people, however, prefer living in flats because they feel safer. Justification With increasing crime rates, people are afraid to live in a house, as they feel more vulnerable to burglars and other criminals.

Madness In Shakespeares Hamlet Essays (711 words) -

Madness in Shakespeare's Hamlet Madness in Shakespeare's Hamlet Madness may be "mental incapacity caused by an unmentionable injury." Such wounds often are not easily perceived but may be revealed in time of stress. Hamlet's question, "have you a daughter?"(Act II. Sc2 182) Polonius about the Prince's emotional state. What is hidden will surely be told to Cloudius by his adviser. Laertes' search for revenge is sharper proof that madness in degrees of publicity causes harm to the observers. Claudius promise "no wind of blame"(Act IV, Sc.7,66) once Laertes kills Hamlet; perhaps this is what the uncle has sought all along for himself. Ophelia has a unique, very powerful form of madness; she seems caught as a "baker's daughter,"(Act IV, Sc. 5, 42) between memories of her father and Hamlet who ought have spokedn to her of events on "Valentine's day."(Act IV, Sc 5, 48) She is doubly hexed and the madness she has infects the whole court. Once a person's mental state has been studied in public, there is no telling the injuries which may affect the viewers. Ever since the death of King Hamlet young Hamlet has been what appeared to be in a state of madness. In a discussion between Hamlet and Polonius Hamlet questions Polonius by asking him "have you a daughter."(Act II, Sc.2, 182) In this discussion Hamlet shows antic behavior towards Polonius by mocking him when Hamlet would usually show great respect for him because of he age and heis high position in the court. This sudden question to Polonius has caused Polonius to believe that Hamlet has a form of love-sickness and that Polonius is sure to tell Claudius of his condition. Hamlet also accuses Polonius of being the "Jephthah, judge of Israel,"(Act II,Sc.2, 399) meaning that Polonius would put his country in front of his daughter. Hamlet has now convinced Polonius that he is in a state of madness because he knows that Polonius cares for his daughter very much and would never put her second. By convincing Polonius that he has no consideration for the well-being of others, Hamlet is then hoping that Polonius will tell the court of his emotional madness. Unlike Hamlet, Laertes has developed a different kind of madness, a madness that is controlled by revenge. When Laertes is talking to Claudius, Laertes gets so much revenge building up inside him against Hamlet that Laertes now wants to "cut his throat."(Act 4,Sc.7,125) Laertes' behavior is caused by the sudden death of his father who was without a due ceremony, and his sister who has been driven mad, has contributed to the madness that is being built up inside Laertes. This madness grows even stronger when Claudius promises "no wind of blame"(Act IV.Sc7,66) when Laertes kills Hamlet. With Claudius being the puppet holder and Laertes being the puppet, Claudius turns Laertes into a savage beast to avenge for his fathers' death; perhaps this is what the Claudius has planned all along. Laertes has a form of madness that is escalating because Laertes knows that he has the capabilities and motivation to act on what he believes on. Ophelia has a unique form of madness unlike Hamlet's and Laertes' because it a mixture of love and hate. An example of hate is when she sings about a "baker's daughter."(Act IV,Sc.5,42) Ophelia is referring to the way her father used to treat her before the tragic incident of his death. A love within her madness is when she speaks about the events on "Valentine's day."(Act IV, Sc.5,48) When Ophelia speaks about Valentines day she is referring to the events of romance that she was denied. Ophelia's madness is brought on by her lack of being able to demonstrate any maturity in trying to cope with her losses and in return can only inflict her madness on the court. By stating that Hamlet could have controlled his fraudulent madness, he then had the capability of controlling his conscious mind into acting traditional. Where Laertes was very influential by others and had no real control over the mental state he was developing by the sway of Claudius. Ophelia was the most innocent victim of all because she was the side affect of everyone else's actions and had no idea that she was mentally disintegrating. It can be noticed that within each of these three people there can be no reassurance on what the affect they may have on others due to their mental state in public.

Italian Slang Dictionary Adult Words A

Italian Slang Dictionary Adult Words 'A' In every language, native speakers know more than newbies will ever learn in from textbooks, dictionaries, or from respectable tour guides. Often referred to as the language of love, Italian is no exception. Obviously, there are many ways to talk about seduction, flirtation, a little naughtiness, and sometimes get  downright raunchy in Italian. These Italian slang words and phrases are not found in standard texts, but most native speakers know them well (whether theyll admit it or not is another question entirely).   Most likely, however,  you dont want to begin your Italian lessons with these words; youre better off first learning some basic survival phrases  if Italian isnt your native tongue. Greetings are another list of must-learn words and phrases, particularly if you want to make friends while traveling in Italy. If you want to partake in all the culinary delights Italy has to offer, learn a few phrases related to dining out and food. And of course, before you unleash the naughty words below on your new Italian friends, youll want to at least get to know one another with some  basic introductions If youre pressed for time, focus on the fundamentals. Study the Italian ABCs and Italian numbers, learn how to pronounce Italian words and ask questions in Italian, and brush up on the euro. Adult Italian Phrases Now that youre ready with some fundamentals, you can spice up your language skills with this uncensored guide to Italian colloquial expressions, shocking idioms, hard-core curses, scatological words for body functions and parts, expletives, off-color phrases, and euphemisms. Because of the very nature of slang, this feature necessarily contains expressions that some readers might find offensive.  Heres the list of words beginning with the letter A. allupato  adj.  (familiar) hungry for sex, especially after a long period of celibacy.ammucchiata  f.  orgy.arare  v.t.(familiar) to possess sexually.arrapato  (familiar) horny, sexually excited.arruso  m.  [Palermitano] (vulgar) buttocks.  Tta a facc,arruso  Ill strip your face, [buttocks].assatanato  m.  sexually aroused, excited.avere rapporti sessuali con  (familiar) to have sex with.

Milk-Run Essays

Milk-Run Essays Milk-Run Essay Milk-Run Essay Milk-Run In logistics, a milk run is a round trip which facilitates both distribution and collection. Milk run The terms are defined by the customer or by the service providers. Here, the exact number of suppliers, each of which defines the available volume and weight, and the time window for collection from the respective suppliers and the time window for delivery to the customer. With consistent planning, capacity increases to an average of 90 percent can be achieved. On the round trips are either goods collected from several suppliers and transported to one customer, or goods collected from one supplier an transported to to several customers. In contrast to the groupage traffic, here is no handling, but only to transport the goods. Something more specialist, the Milk-run is described as a concept that is a sequential collection of goods from multiple sources and the direct service to the customers without intermediate handling features of the goods. As a prerequisite for the Milk-Run approach is the spatial proximity between the supplier and the customer. The procedure for development of a Milk-Run-Concept consists of the following steps: Fixation of weight and volume of suppliers in a particular region. Selection of potential Milk-Run-Suppliers based on the maximum amount of charge, delivery frequency as although volume and weight limits. Selection of Milk-Run-Suppliers because of the conditions and the Milk-Run potential. Definition of Milk-Run-Parameters to the weight and volume limits, time slots, delivery frequency and maximum number of Milk-Run-Suppliers. Development and evaluation of Milk-Run-Alternatives. Specification of the Milk-Runs with respect to the fourth point under these parameters, plus the necessary contingency plans. Implementation of the Milk-Runs: Definition of a Milk-Run-Schedule, conduct supplier workshops, testing and Milk-Run-Controlling. The main benefit of Milk Runs is, according to common opinion in the literature, in the higher utilization of trucks and the resulting reduction of transport costs by up to 30 percent. In addition, the reduction of stock, both at the supplier side and at the customer side, avoidance in delays at the loading ramp, due to the consolidation of several suppliers and the specified time windows, high security planning and integration of reusable container recycling. In literature completely ignored is the less pollution of the environment, both by consolidation and the resulting higher utilization of trucks, and by the reduction of transportation vehicles, compared to JIT or groupage traffic. The disadvantages of the Milk-Run-Concept are the following points: Not all suppliers are able to implement a Milk run. The increasing dependence on road conditions. In the case of poor planning, the number of extra trips can increase, and lead to additional costs. History The phrase milk run originates in American culture, with the distribution of milk bottles by the milkman. On his daily route, the milkman simultaneously distributes the full bottles and collects the empty bottles. [6] After the completion of round trip, he returned with the empties back to the starting point. Another source is located in agriculture of the 20th Century. Until the 90s, in smaller communes, there were small collection points for milk. Since most farms had very little dairy, it was not economical for dairies to drive every single operation. Thus, the milk was transported by farmers to collection points and collected there. The milk truck then drove to the collection points ordinarily every two days at a predetermined number of collection points in a fixed order and transported the milk to the dairy. In the context of logistics in 1995, first mentioned by Meusel, that by identifying potential circular tours, the utilization of trucks could be increased and logistics costs could be reduced. Differentiation from groupage traffic The currently dominant in practice distribution concept is the groupage traffic. In contrast to the round trip, is at groupage traffic cargo collected from a logistics company at the supplier and transported to the transshipment points. There, the cargo will be consolidated and transported to the customer. This type of transport is divided into 2 cycles:[8] Pre-Run: From the suppliers to the transshipment points. Main-Run: Transportation of consolidated goods from the transshipment points to the customer. In this concept, the average utilization of transport amounts to 60-70 percent. The resulting costs and CO? emissions from empty tours and extra tours, as although bad utilized transport, are from an environmental and economic point a disadvantage.

Learning about Kickstarter for indie authors

Learning about Kickstarter for indie authors Kickstarter for Indie Authors - Talking to Maris Kreizman of Kickstarter Publishing Just like digital publishing, crowdfunding is something that makes being an indie creative totally feasible. Kickstarter  is basically synonymous with crowdfunding, and the first place anyone should look when they’re getting ready to raise.Kickstarter has a whole section of their site dedicated to publishing projects. This is both an awesome way of supporting the community of publishers, and also a great place to go find cool books by new authors!Maris Kreizman is Publishing Project Specialist at Kickstarter. We talked about what’s most important to running a successful Kickstarter campaign, how you set the budget for your campaign, and everything you need to think about before getting started. It’s a trove of advice for indie authors - enjoy!REEDSYWhat do authors need to keep in mind when they’re trying to get funding for a great publishing project?MARIS KREIZMAN There are three important parts to doing a Kickstarter. The first one is telling a good story. That includes having a wonderful video, and telling potential backers who you are and why you want to do the thing you’re trying to do.The second part is rewards - making sure that potential backers are able to share in the project in some meaningful way.The third part is having a relationship with your backers, which means doing a lot of updates, keeping the lines of communication open, and being really transparent about what you’re doing.REEDSY The relationship creators have with their backers sounds really cool. It’s more than just ‘goodies’ but an ongoing relationship.MARIS KREIZMAN One of the most common misperceptions about Kickstarter is people think you need to have a t-shirt or a tote bag. Certainly those are wonderful, but especially in book publishing projects most people want to get the book, the actual thing that’s being made. Experiential rewards are also really wonderful, whether it’s a Skype chat or a little QA with the author - anything that builds a relationship.REEDSY It seems like there’s two kinds of projects on Kickstarter. You get people coming in with their audience from somewhere else, like Leo Babauta of Zen Habits. And then you get people who are starting without that pre-existing community. Does this affect how creators should be planning to share their projects?MARIS KREIZMAN Regardless of who you are and what you’re trying to do, coming in with some sort of base audience is key. So even if you haven’t fully established yourself, have a base level of supporters. That’s maybe just people you know - sending out a link to your family and your friends who want to support you -or, it could go a little deeper, trying to be a part of the community that you’re writing about, posting to blogs, coming in with an email list, stuff like that. I think that Kickstarter is wonderful in helping you spread your message and making your audience bigger.REEDSY Even if it involves potato salad!MARIS KREIZMAN *laughing* If you look at it, he did a really lovely job in putting the project together! It was very simple, and maybe not the most exciting, innovating way to use Kickstarter, but he did a good job and he was really good at communicating with the people who though his idea was clever! I’ve read you elsewhere talking about ways Kickstarter isn’t just about raising funds to cover publishing costs for a single book - could you talk about that a little?MARIS KREIZMAN There are so many different cool ways to use Kickstarter in publishing. I’ve been talking to a lot of small literary presses and magazines about funding a season - â€Å"Help us do Spring 2015† and whatever that encompasses, whether that’s a couple of books or a couple of issues. Book tours for sure. Being able to do research is a huge deal. Think of Kickstarter like a grant - if you’re writing non-fiction and you have research to do it absolutely makes sense to raise money to do that, even if you’ve already figured out how you’re going to publish.REEDSY You were talking about creators telling their story on Kickstarter - what does that mean exactly?MARIS KREIZMAN I think one of the best experiences about Kickstarter is it allows people to follow the artists and creators that they admire. Telling the story can be simply ‘Who am I, why do I love this project, and why do I want to do it.’ Or, it can be more about ‘Here’s how I make the thing, here are the steps I need to take to actually do this.’ And of course ‘This is what the book is going to be.’REEDSY There seems to be a wide variety of budgets for publishing projects, both very high and very low. How should writers budget their projects for Kickstarter?MARIS KREIZMAN I think the most important thing is to go back and really plan out exactly how much money you’ll need to do the thing that you want to do in the way you want to do it, and ask for that amount. That way, if you don’t raise it you won’t have to worry about doing it half-heartedly. And then if you do go above and beyond you can worry about that whole other great kind of problem!REEDSY How important is it for writers to be investing in specialist help for things like producing an introductory video? Is something with extremely high production values essential?MARIS KREIZMAN This is a challenge for any publishing project on Kickstarter, basically. Kickstarter is a visual platform, and not every writer is going to be good at that kind of stuff. I’d say that it’s very important to give backers a feeling of what you’re trying to do, but also to allow the words to speak for you. If you’re not a video expert or an artist, it’s still OK.I’ve seen projects work with a video taken from a phone that really captures a mood, and I think that is enough. The video is important, but it doesn’t have to be really ‘well-produced’ or ‘beautiful looking’ - I think it’s really helpful to just give a sense of who you are and what the thing you’re making is.REEDSY What sort of things do you like to see in a project?MARIS KREIZMAN Particularly if you’re an individual, it’s very important to talk about how you plan to actually get the thing made.REEDSY What does that plan consist of?MARIS KREIZMAN That they’ve talked to publishers, that they have a price quote for how much it would cost to print x amount of books†¦ I often say that self-publishing is not something that you should really do on your own. The idea that you might have an editor or designer lined up, or that you yourself are already a wonderful designer and can show that to us.It’s about ‘Has this person thought through the practicalities of getting this book out?’ Backers are really skilled at picking out the projects that they think will succeed, and where they’ll end up with whatever reward they’ve put in for. Anything you can do to communicate to backers that you have a plan for this whole thing, and to get them the rewards that they want, is key.REEDSY Do you have any advice for authors on how to structure the rewards they’re offering?MARIS KREIZMAN I would say that rewards should have a few different tiers - like offering the digital version for $10 or so. Depending on whether you’re going to do the paperback or the hardback or both, do one for $20, one for $30. If you want to do a special edition that looks really pretty and fancy, charge an extra $20 for that. Signed copies are good. One of the things that I always tell people is â€Å"Make sure that the thing you’ll be working on is making the best project that you can,† and not so much â€Å"How will I ship out all of these rewards?†REEDSY Are there any resources authors can go check out, or somewhere the can send you questions?MARIS KREIZMAN If you want publishing specific advice, you can email publishing@kickstarter.com. That’s how you can reach me. I would recommend though looking on the Kickstarter site. There’s a creator handbook that really goes into some of the nitty gritty details of how to do a successful Kickstarter project.REEDSY Thanks for your time Maris.Have you ever tried crowdfunding for a book or a series? What have been your takeaways? Do join the discussion in the comments below!

Service Matrix Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Service Matrix - Coursework Example Product process matrix is an analytical tool that attempts to show the relationship between the technological life cycle of a product and its standard life cycle. The matrix is useful in the organization in pinpointing the production approach to be used when producing a particular product based on the customization requirements of the product and the amounts of product to be used. The similarity between the product process matrix and the service-positioning matrix is that the management with the intention of helping them make sound decisions that affect the business uses them both (Bukula, & Snaddon 18). The difference between the two matrixes is that while service positioning matrix aims at attracting the customers to the firm, the product process matrix is used to help reduce costs of production and storage. Doctors mainly use service-positioning matrix. The doctors understand how their patients like to be treated and can use the matrix to achieve better results. The benefit is that the services rendered are at a personalized level and this is good for the profession. The limitation of the matrix in the hospitality industry is that it can lead to increase in resources since the doctors’ use most of their time and resources, as well. Product process matrix is mainly used in the manufacturing industries. Businesses need to know how much to produce efficiently. The benefit is that it cuts costs. The major limitation is that it may lead the business to make losses in the worst-case scenario (Bukula, & Snaddon 23). The uniqueness of the service matrix is that it deals with customers. On the other hand, the uniqueness of the product-process matrix is that it deals with the production process of the

Corporate covernance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Corporate covernance - Essay Example Whs intrsts thy srv th ffct thy hv n wlth crtin nd risktking nd th frms f ccuntbility thy mbdy r vitl t th functining f th cnmic nd pliticl systm. Crprt gvrnnc mchnisms r criticl fctr in issus rnging frm th lvl f businss invstmnt t mplymnt nd cmmunity stbility nd th distributin f th fruits f cnmic grwth. Dspit this prvsiv rl in structuring bth cnmic prfrmnc nd civil scity qustins f crprt gvrnnc rmin pliticl sidshw flickring n t th public stg nly in rspns t vry prticulr (thugh imprtnt) vnts such s ppulr cncrn vr lvls f xcutiv rmunrtin r th bcklsh ginst th cnsquncs f unchckd mngmnt filur r finncil imprprity. Indd it is ths fctrs tht hv spurrd th rcnt rrivl f crprt gvrnnc n th UK's pliticl mp. (Wring 2005:65-78) Discussin Th Cdbury Cmmitt ws crtd in 1991 in rspns t th Mxwll scndl nd th cllps f Plly Pck nd thr prminnt businsss. Th Grnbury Cmmitt mrgd in 1995 s rctin t th pliticl furr surrunding xcutiv rmunrtin prticulrly in th rcntly privtisd utilitis. Th Hmpl Cmmitt in its rprt publishd in 1998 st ut t rviw nd updt th cds prducd by ths rlir bdis. 4 cnslidtin f th wrk f ll thr cmmitts nw pprs s th Cmbind Cd. 3ll f th rprts f ths cmmitts hv shrd similr st f ssumptins but bth th ntur f crprt gvrnnc nd th mns thrugh which it shuld b rfrmd.

Depersonalization as a method of representation and protection of Research Paper

Depersonalization as a method of representation and protection of personal data - Research Paper Example Computers and the Internet paved the way for more efficient and fast methods to gather, store and organize personal information. Since the 1970s the number of computer data banks or databases became staggering. There are the databases from Social Security Administration, Federal Bureau of Investigation, Medical Information Bureau, state criminal justice systems, municipal data systems, credit card companies, telephone companies, Medicaid, and, recently, Google, Facebook and so much more. The huge amount of information that governments and businesses collect from individuals have become a cause of concern. Personal data collection encroaches on the individual’s right, particularly as it invades privacy or the right to control information about ourselves; there is a disclosure of private personal facts; and, the information can be used in such a way that a person is cast in a bad light or in a case of identity theft. The method of personal data collection, its use and security, hence, necessitate citizen protection. Through the years, laws have enacted that aim to protect personal privacy but they appear to be insufficient. This paper will explore depersonalization as an effective method of personal data collection, where privacy is still protected. ... 3. Access or the level of access provided to individuals on the gathered data about them. 4. Security or the responsibility of data gatherers to provide adequate protection for the information collected (Bidgoli 2004, 98). Based from these principles, a number of laws were enacted covering individual privacy across different sectors. For instance, the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act protects personal banking information; the Fair Credit Reporting Act provides the framework for handling personal credit data. There are also laws that cover the collection and use of medical and health data, government records, children’s privacy, and so forth. Laws are also enacted in other countries such as the European Union Data Protection Directive, the OECD privacy guidelines adopted by countries such as Mexico, Australia, Japan and Czech Republic (Conrad, Misenar and Feldman 2012, 401). But these laws and even some ethical guidelines (see Kluge 2000), no matter how specific and comprehensive, still fail to address privacy issues. Neubauer and Kolb (2009), for example, noted that approaches and methods for protecting privacy often do not comply with legal requirements or basic security requirements without suffering any penalty, (7). Szeto and Miri (2007) revealed the same findings when they studied the Canadian experience. According to Hildebrandt and Gutwirth (2008), this is because most statutes builds on traditional ways of thinking data, personal data and their abuse, without understanding or recognizing the new type of knowledge that result from modern data processing (321). It was further argued that even when recent or updated laws were effective regarding personal data, they are still not equipped to deal with correlated data, which is persistent today

The stakeholder relationships in this case, and why they matter Essay - 1

The stakeholder relationships in this case, and why they matter - Essay Example [Also] Any group or individual who can affect or who is affected by achievement of a firms objectives.† The purpose of this paper is to identify the stakeholder relationships in this case and discuss why they matter. The instructions identify five major stakeholder groups in this case, and these are CMC, the Food and Drug Administration, hospitals, operators, and patients. Other groups or subgroups exist, including the public, medical physicists, doctors, engineers, salespeople, Atomic Energy Canada Limited’s managers, other government regulators, AECL, CGR, each medical facility, associations of operators, and CRPB. Now that stakeholders have been identified and further supporting documentation has been reviewed, it is easy to see that the control system on Therac-25 was not adequate for its purposes (ComputingCases, 2008). This case tells the stories of six unfortunate patients who were injured or even faced death because of control failure in the Therac-25. They were Linda Knight, Donna Gartner, Janis Tilman, Isaac Dahl, Daniel McCarthy, and Anders Engman. They are the primary stakeholders that should be considered in this cased as they were either seriously injured or died as a direct result of the actions of some of the other stakeholders (Computing Cases, 2008). The stakeholders who have a business interest in the company which manufactures the machine all hold a duty to the public. Each of the regulatory agencies, the manufacturer of the machine, and the hospital staff owe a duty to the patients. The hospitals in the scenario hold duties both to upholding the requirements of the regulatory agencies and to their employees and those they care for. The operators are responsible for stopping treatment when a patient has been injured, regardless of whether or not a monitor and camera are broken. Medical physicists, doctors, engineers, and salespeople all hold a duty to the public and the patients. Engineers and

QI Initiative On Reducing Nosocomial Infections In Wards Essay

QI Initiative On Reducing Nosocomial Infections In Wards - Essay Example NHSN is a public health surveillance system that Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) supports for its healthcare-associated infection (HAI) prevention program (Dudeck, et al, 2013). Standardized Infection Ratio (SIR) is the National metric used to make comparisons of an observed number of nosocomial infections in the entire US during a particular period with the national baseline experiences. For instance, the 5 year National Prevention Target which ends in 2013 stands at a 50% reduction in Central Line-Associated Bloodstream Infection (CLBSI) in both intensive care unit (ICU) and wards located patients. This figure translates to a National Standardized Infection Ratio (SIR) for CLABSI=0.5. In other words, the national benchmark for nosocomial infections is SIR=0.5 as at 2013. It is noteworthy that SIR is often adjusted based on a number of the predictor of CLABSI, which include teaching status, location type, central line utilization, and bedside. The SIR data is vital in the sense that it indicates whether the infection rate is better, worse, or at the national benchmark. ... After exclamations about the fate of the large patient population who were seen to be ailing frequently from infections, the issue was finally brought to the attention of the top managers of the organization as well as clinicians. There was a final consensus among all the stakeholders that the rate of infections was too high and thus the need for immediate response to contain the situation and finally bring the rates below average numbers. The problem of hospital-acquired infection looks solvable though it remains a nagging problem not only to Clinix but also to most hospitals across the globe. Nosomica infections are undoubtedly a major burden on all of us. They claim the significant number of lives as well as a large amount of money. A large number of patients succumb to such nosocomial infections from time to time and our management team did not want our cherished clients to form part of that unfortunate statistics. The infection rate of SIR=2.9 was alarming for the stakeholders a nd as such, the entire management team felt the entrenched need to reduce infection rates in the wards making it a priority for the organization. According to the previous rates recorded by the organization concerning Nosocomial infections, the past two years have recorded the highest infection rates, which stood at SIR=2.1 and 2.4 respectively. In fact, there was great concern that if this issue is not addressed in good time then there was the likelihood of higher prevalence in the future.  Ã‚  

Late Imperial Russia Essay Example for Free

Late Imperial Russia Essay How was Russia set up to be the nation it is today? Introduction: Imperial Russia all started in the 17th century where a man named Tsar Ivan IV the terrible battled and defeated the Mongols which were the previous rulers of Russia. He appointed himself the emperor of Russia and his heirs would carry on his principles and his way of ruling throughout the centurys to build a strong nation. The Tsars of the Romanov dynasty would carry on ruling till the last reign in 1890-1917 which was held by Tsar Nicholas II son of Tsar Alexander Ill, it was his and is fathers reign which changed Russia from having its own system (tsarism) to become a nation with a fair government Just like the European nations of their time. At first glance the Tsars were thought to be grateful to Russia e. g. ictory over the swedes which transformed Muscovy into a great power of Europe and Alexander II the liberator ended serfdom and restored the government of Russia after losing the Crimean war. However there were many situations, problems in governments and people that caused Russia to change from having Tsarism to having an official government such as parliament. Tsar Tsarism: The system of Tsarism was governed through three organisations: Firstly there was the imperial council, which were a group of advisers to the Tsar. Secondly there was the Cabinet of Ministers, which ran the government departments of the Tsar. Thirdly there was the Senate, which were the supervisors of the law. All three of these governmental bodies were ranked under the Tsar so every organisation they run, laws they make or suggestions, the final word or decision has to be from the current Tsar ruler, e. g. To quote Reaction and Revolution They were appointed, not elected nd they did not govern. This is because their roles are basically to give advice because whatever they say has to go through the Tsar. The Tsar which caused most problems were as I mentioned above Nicholas II and Alexander Ill because of what they tried to do to the Russian empire as well as what they didnt try to do, unlike their reforming heirs, they didnt fight for Russia or change for Russia, they only did what they did to benefit them, not the rest of Russia. By the time of Nicholass reign Russia stretched a distance of 5000 miles from west to east and 2000 miles from outh to north, this of course made ruling Russia even more difficult because one family couldnt possibly enforce their system on their own unless they had an actual government like other European countries of their time. Even though the sheer size of Russia gave it a well-known powerful image that its a nation of strength, it didnt prove that because parts of the landscape are either unreachable, uninhabitable or just not worth the time to build upon. Considering these facts Tsar Nicholas II wasnt indeed that powerful as well as the Tsarism system which soon lead to changing into communist government ruled by the Bolsheviks in 1917. Overall the system of Tsarism is the system the Tsar family ran to rule the nation of Russia, this involved only them having command and if any governmental bodies have any ideas to change/improve Russia they could only advise it as only the Tsars nad control. How did the geography of Russia compare to other nations in Europe and effect the Tsar: As IVe mentioned above, Russia consists a land mass of 16,093,440 Kilometres Squared which makes it 2 and a half times bigger than the USA and a whole lot harder to rule, this is because Russia of this time is being ruled by one family which nly cause poverty, social segregation and a failed work force, if you compare it to the USA of its time its doing far better than Russia because the USA is a democracy unlike Russia which is a socialist nation. The differences are that the USA vote and elect, they have different Parties which have different Jobs to run the country when Russia is run by one family which tries to do everything and when they do make laws or enforce something, it only rewards them not the nation. The advantage the Tsars had is that the size of Russia made them seem untouchable which explains the lack f countries invading or taking over Russia, this is the only way that the geography of Russia affects it positively, IVe mentioned how it affects Russia negatively e. . bad landscape, too much to rule over, cannot handle to control such a large area. Ruling Russia back then was difficult even with the Trans-Siberian Railway, sure it provided a way to cross the 5000 miles from west to east but it still caused neglect to places like Vladivostok and Irkutsk because they arent at all near the capitals such as Moscow and St Petersburg. How did the people of Russia effect the Tsar and what did they do to respond to the ays of the tsar: The people of Russia were so constricted because of Tsarism it caused many problems, one of the catalysts to the problems was that it was a criminal offence to go against the Tsar or Tsarism, therefore if anyone decided they wanted to reform the tsarism system they had to go through the Tsar themselves and of course if it goes against their wishes theyll say no and arrest the person responsible. There has been Reforming Tsars which improved transport, improved efficiency of the army, re-built cities so they could change Russia for the better, but ventually it was all done for nothing because whenever an heir gained the throne from a reformed Tsar they always went back to the strict ways. This did effect the nation greatly but not as much until the last Tsar ever: Nicholas II, he was meant to carry on the rulings his tatner made to help build Russia into a stronger nation e. g. mproving standard of living, education, employment etc. but he decided to go back to the old socialist ways that caused poverty, distrust of the nation and weakening the barrier between a fair command and compete domination of the people of Russia. People didnt Just stand around been ruled or told off by the tsars, there have been a few moments where theyVe risen up, worked together to eradicate the current Tsar leader or went underground to discuss what differences they could make on their own without the permission of the Tsar. For example since free speech was a common myth in the reigns of Tsar, various people most likely in political activist groups decided to go to extremism. They thought the only way they could get their word out or make a change is through threats or by force, for example in 1881 Tsar Alexander II was blown up by a bomb thrown from the Peoples Will hich were a terrorist group, they went this far because they didnt want to be plagued by the Tsar or Tsarism anymore. However other people of the nation went down low and created societies or non-activist groups which wouldnt allow the Tsars to see how theyre changing Russia in a non-obvious fashion, but eventually after they started to plan a revolution the Tsar caught on and decided to infiltrate them with their own secret police known as the Okhrama. They were issued to perform raids, arrests, imprisonments and infiltrations to stop the secret societies so the Tsar could carry on running the government. The only thing that was good that the Tsar provided to the people was an Orthodox Church in every city (ST. Petersburg Moscow), the people encouraged this because the church was a part of Russian culture and because it didnt rely on any foreign influence or governmental body. Of course the Church supported the tsarist system throughout the centurys right up to the 19th century where it became well opposed to political/governmental change which caused it to so low in growth, unlike the industrial part of Russia. Consider the fact the only 0. 5% of Russia is the Tsar and their advisors, 12% is military and the last 3. 9% is the public, the public consist of merchants, factory workers and owners, land owners and mainly peasants. This causes issues because of course the Tsar allow the chance that people can buy/own/sell land, but it comes with a price, considering most workers soon save up to buy a farm land but then it comes with a mortgage thus causing them to be in debt and nearly as poor as the peasants. This effected the economy massively because by these statistics 80% of the population were peasants, and they knew peasants were illiterate and have a lack of skills, this portion of the opulation was the catalyst to everything the people did in response to what the Tsar did to Russia. This made the Tsar lower the ranks of the army so they could be filled with conscription (the forcing of large numbers of peasants to Join the armed services), these were often called the Dark Masses. The problems caused by botn Tsarism and the People ot Russia : The issues that were caused by the Tsar effect Russia more frequently and at a higher scale after Alexander the seconds reign, this is because he was the first reforming Tsar for a while and what he did was for the better interest of the nation not himself; People tarted noticing his reforms in 1861 when he emancipated the Serfs, he restored Russias governing structure after the loss in the Crimean war and he set up a network of elected councils in the rural areas which were called Zemstvos, even though it seemed with these elected bodies that anyone could vote, that wasnt the case because of strict voting regulations only the land owners not the peasants could take part in the voting. Alexander II has obviously made a difference to his nation because of this evidence, but it still did solve the problem that there might be a hance that the next Tsar could ignore his reformative ways and create discipline, poverty and all the other problems again like other Tsars before him. He also feared that since hes doing all of this, hes not committing to his Tsar duties, so near the end of his reign he goes back to the old ways which doesnt affect much but leads to his assassination in 188111880. His successor Alexander Ill caused all sorts of problems, problems so bad that everyone in the nation felt oppressed during his whole reign, after he was replaced by Nicholas II things got even worse because he didnt like the eforming that alexander II did, so he carried on the repressive policies of his predecessor, which made Alexander the seconds reformation worth nothing, this of course angered the intelligent, richer and educated class of Russia known as the intelligentsia. The army of Russia was weakened by Nicholas II because he decided to lower ranks in the military so that even peasants could Join, this made becoming a high ranking officer easier therefore more of a chance to affect the tsarism system that Nicholas II has moulded. This weakened the force or strength of the military reatly, so much that the people created their own group called the Militia which basically had their own form of Justice against criminals. If the military was going downhill so was the Tsar because Just about 50% of their expenditure was funding the army which was only able to produce a million and nalt me, which does sound powerful but most of which were peasants and land owners. People of Russia had less specific reasons of why the army, or their nation is so bad, they thought that the Tsar civil service was corrupt and the evidence to show it was that its the nation hose tried and tried again to reform itself but always goes back and corrupts itself again. Many citizens accused the Tsar of sucking the blood of the people which refers to the fact that they control them, they corrupt them and they use them. Overall many people of Russia either appreciated the reformation to be on par with other nations or hating the reformation, the people which wanted the reformation were known as the Westerners because they wanted Russia to adopt aspects of European nations so they wont live in horrendous conditions e. g. destroyed towns/ cities because of wars. Or have economic problems e. g. iving in poverty. The people who wanted Russia to stay the same were known as Slavophiles they wanted to preserve the best aspects of Russia, yes solve the problems but not via adopting features of other European nations. Conclusion: The system of Tsarism is the system the Tsar family ran to rule the nation of Russia, this involved only them having command and if any governmental bodies have any ideas to change/improve Russia they could only advise it as only the Tsars had control. The geography of Russia effects its government greatly because it made them seem stronger when actually the tsar couldnt possibly control the whole of Russia, also because of the vast landscape they couldnt industrialise as fast as other nations could therefore putting them at a disadvantage as a nation. The people of Russia lived in poverty because of the strict rulings of the tsar, that the tsar couldnt control all of them, they were in debt if they paid for land, even if theyre factory workers everyone couldnt possibly benefit the whole nation. Because of the constant change of reforming tsars to cruel tsars the people of Russia didnt know what to do and what they can do, which lead to assassinations, societies being created and being invaded by military or police.